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Отказ подать руку или поддерживать дружеские отношения - это пример применения санкций1) Неформальных позитивных2) Неформальных

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Exercise 2. Fill in the blanks (1-4) in the following text about the Russian nation tional character using the sentences (A-D) from the list below. 

"Spacious soul" or "big nature" is the first thing you can hear from

a Russian if you ask them about the Russian national character. What does this phrase mean?

Just imagine the vast expanses of Russia stretching over the continent and uniting Europe and Asia, with a great variety of landscapes, nations, and cultures. One life would not be enough to visit all the places of this land; its spaces are hard to take control over and its riches seem impossible to waste.

(1) …

Another favourite Russian saying goes, "All that is done is done for the better." On the one hand, it implies optimistic and adventurous outlook, on the other hand, sheer fatalism and passivity,

(2) … That feature is quite understandable if you take into account our history of upheavals and cataclysms, from the Tatar yoke with numerous barbaric forays to the 20th century with world and civil wars, revolutions, repressions, coups d'état, and shocking reforms.

Russian laziness is almost as notorious as Russian "spacious soul". Every Russian soul harbours Yemelya, the great idler, a fairy-tale hero who does not have to get off a stove, as it can carry him anywhere and all his wishes are fulfilled by magic.

Russian laziness is dreamy and meditative. At times Russians cannot but submit to their "Mummy-Laziness", Russians think ten times if something is worth their efforts, before they move a finger.

(3) But when ready and interested and emotionally involved,

a Russian can beat records in efficiency.

Russians live according to the principle "Better have a hundred friends than a hundred roubles".

(4) … . The dark side of it is that a person's success often depends on profitable connections rather than on his her talents and professionalism. However, this misuse of the unwritten law on mutual aid is weakening nowadays, together with the feeling of fellowship. Yet, it is still habitual among students and co-workers to help each other rather than compete which is more customary for the Westerners.

(Adapted from http://www.russia-ic.com/view/culture_art/traditions/character/ )

A. Personal relations play a more important role than a person's social

status or bank account.

B. If you are working in Russia, keep in mind that a Russian person needs time to "pull oneself together", that is to focus all his/her "infinite soul" on a definite goal.

C. Russians are apt to adapt to ever-changing circumstances rather

than to oppose them.

D. Hence, the Russian generosity and spontaneity, longing for extremes and the unknown, as well as unpredictability and lack of order and certainty.

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